If left untreated, these diseases are life-threatening to the infants since their own immunesystem cannot fight the pathogens. Health professionals need to be aware of newborns within their first year of life with recurring infections, especially persistant respiratory or fungal infections, and diarrhoea. By diagnosing the conditions immediatly after birth, early haematopoietic stem cell transplantation can prevent severe infections and long term effects. A T-cell receptor excision circle screening of dried blood spots is used as an identification method for newborns with SCID or other types of Lymphopenia. In high-income countries, all newborns are routinely screened for SCID. Recombinations and alterations in T-cell receptors.Defective survival of haematopoietic precursors (Formation of blood cellular components is corrupted).Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency: most common and severe form of SCID, with a prevalence of 15%.SCID conditions are classified by their pathogenic mechanisms: 20 genes have been linked to SCID, but in 15% of cases the involved genes are unknown. SCID is most likely inherited X-linked or autosomal recessive. Prevalence ranges between 1/40,000 and 1/75,000 live births. SCID became known to the public through the story of the 1971 born American David Vetter who became known as the "boy in the bubble" because he spent most of his 12-years of life in a hermetically sealed suit. Earlier onset can be triggered by contracting bacterial, viral or fungal diseases. If left untreated, SCID will lead to severe conditions approximately at the age of six months and the death of the infant mostly within the first year. Children born with this condition are born seemingly healthy, but develop recurrent infections very early in life. Especially T- and B-cell function is impaired, the regular function of the immune response is impeded. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a collective term used for multiple congenital conditions caused by genetic defects, which inhibit the function of various parts of the immune system.
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